Sources & bibliography

N01 · Court decision

State v. Noe, 2009-Ohio-6978

Ohio Sixth District Court of Appeals · 2009-12-31

Where to look. L-06-1393 / L-09-1193; ¶¶24–41 (theft and scope of consent), ¶¶43–58 (forgery), ¶13 (verdicts), opening and disposition

N02 · Government audit

BWC Capital Coin Funds I and II — special audit

Ohio Auditor of State · 2006-02-22

Where to look. Special audit printed pp. 8, 10–16; Attachment A pp. 4–13 (structure and first-day tracing), pp. 14–27 (subsequent uses), p. 45 (Spectrum cash flows); Attachment B pp. 4–9 (collection protocol, Spectrum and valuation); Attachment C pp. 2–8 (controls); Attachment C printed pp. 18–21 (portfolio-level reporting, materiality-based oversight and consultant coverage); PDF pp. 304–307 including covers.

N03 · Government investigation

Amended report of investigation — BWC

Ohio Inspector General · 2014-04-24; amended copy

Where to look. File 2005-091, amended; printed pp. 7–10 (investment authority, selection and internal-audit response), pp. 12–15 (traced misappropriation), pp. 21–23 (Gasper), pp. 90–93 (reforms, liquidation and restitution credit); official hosted PDF adds cover pages; printed p. 10 (PDF p. 15), internal warning, response and second allocation

N04 · Prosecutor release

Tom Noe sentenced for illegal campaign contributions

U.S. Department of Justice · 2006-09-12

N05 · Prosecutor release

Tom Noe pleads guilty to campaign-finance charges

U.S. Department of Justice · 2006-05-31

N06 · Prosecutor release

Noe campaign-contribution indictment

U.S. Department of Justice · 2005-10-27

N07 · Court decision

State ex rel. Toledo Blade Co. v. Ohio BWC

Supreme Court of Ohio · 2005-07-13

Where to look. 106 Ohio St.3d 113; 2005-Ohio-3549; ¶¶18–25 (majority), ¶¶30–34 (dissent)

N10 · Reporting

Noe still owes taxpayers $11.6 million

The Blade · 2022-07-22

N11 · Company regulatory filing

Spectrum Fund accounting restatement

Spectrum Group International — SEC Form 8-K · 2009-06-30

Where to look. Note 3, Other Restatements; Transactions with a Controlled Entity; F-19

N12 · Company announcement

Escala and Spectrum announce Ohio asset-purchase agreement

Escala Group — PRNewswire, retained by Europa Press · 2006-02-28

Where to look. Opening three paragraphs

N13 · Contemporaneous reporting · reproduction

Coins acquired by Noe to be auctioned

The Blade — reproduced by CoinCollector · March 2006 context; reproduction undated

Where to look. Brandt’s description of settlement; dealer objections; auction terms

N14 · Contemporaneous reporting digest

Spectrum wins Ohio coin sale

The E-Sylum, citing The Blade’s March 31 report · 2006-04-02

Where to look. Volume 9, Number 14, Article 13

N15 · Government administrative record

Thomas W. Noe — offender and supervision record

Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction · Accessed 2026-10-26

Where to look. Status; Sentence Information; Supervision Start Date and Period of Supervision. Historical parole-review fields are not a current clemency determination.

N16 · Contemporaneous reporting · hosted copy

Ohio agency sinks millions into rare coins

Mike Wilkinson and James Drew, The Blade; award-entry copy hosted by UCLA Anderson · 2005 reporting; hosted compilation undated

Where to look. PDF p.1, Arrangement scrutinized; internal-audit concerns and management responses

N17 · Court decision

Disciplinary Counsel v. Taft, 2006-Ohio-6525

Supreme Court of Ohio · 2006-12-27

Where to look. 112 Ohio St.3d 155; paragraphs 4–16: disclosures, criminal disposition, mitigation and public reprimand

N18 · Regulator report

Ohio Securities Bulletin — Gasper criminal disposition

Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of Securities · 2007, Issue 1–2

Where to look. Printed p. 5, Criminal Reports; Gasper federal and state proceedings

N19 · Legislation

R.C. 4123.442 — development of investment policy

Ohio General Assembly / Ohio Laws · Effective 2025-03-20; accessed 2026-10-26

Where to look. Divisions A–D: benchmarks, prohibited investment vehicles and board authorization

N20 · Court decision

State ex rel. Dann v. Taft, 2006-Ohio-1825

Supreme Court of Ohio · 2006-04-13

Where to look. 109 Ohio St.3d 364; qualified gubernatorial-communications privilege, paragraphs 62–74

N21 · Court decision

State ex rel. Dann v. Taft, 2006-Ohio-3677

Supreme Court of Ohio · 2006-07-21

Where to look. 110 Ohio St.3d 252; paragraphs 11–13, 39–42; dissent paragraphs 43–56

N22 · Legislation

R.C. 4121.126 — conflicts of interest by board members or bureau employees

Ohio General Assembly / Ohio Laws · Effective 2007-09-10; accessed 2026-10-26

Where to look. Interests in investments, use of bureau funds, and specified former-insider business restrictions

N23 · Court filing · prosecution position

State v. Noe — State’s jurisdiction memorandum and cross-appeal

Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney; Supreme Court of Ohio docket · 2010

Where to look. Case 2010-0294; Statement of the Case and Facts, printed pp. 7–8

N24 · Court decision

In re Disqualification of Osowik, 2006-Ohio-7224

Supreme Court of Ohio, Chief Justice Thomas Moyer · 2006-03-08

Where to look. 117 Ohio St.3d 1237; No. 06-AP-019; paragraphs 1–9

N25 · Federal habeas report and recommendation

Noe v. Pineda — Report and Recommendation

U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio; Magistrate Judge Kathleen B. Burke · 2013-06-20

Where to look. Case 3:11-cv-01173, Document 19; printed pp. 18–22, grounds two and three

N26 · Federal habeas decision

Noe v. Pineda — Memorandum of Opinion and Order

U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio; Judge John R. Adams · 2014-09-30

Where to look. Case 3:11-cv-01173, Document 31; pp. 1–4, especially p. 3 footnote 1 and p. 4 disposition

N27 · Court decision

State ex rel. Oriana House, Inc. v. Montgomery, 2006-Ohio-4854

Supreme Court of Ohio · 2006-10-04

Where to look. 110 Ohio St.3d 456; syllabus; paragraphs 25–26, 29, 35–36

N28 · Court decision

State ex rel. Repository v. Nova Behavioral Health, Inc., 2006-Ohio-6713

Supreme Court of Ohio · 2006-12-28

Where to look. 112 Ohio St.3d 338; paragraphs 32–43, especially 40–42

N29 · Historical legislation

R.C. 4123.44 — historical 2007 investment framework

Ohio General Assembly / Ohio Laws · Effective 2007-09-10; historical version accessed 2026-10-26

Where to look. Opening seven substantive paragraphs; House Bill 100, 127th General Assembly

N30 · Legislation

R.C. 109.981 — civil action for board-member fiduciary breach

Ohio General Assembly / Ohio Laws · Effective 2007-09-10; accessed 2026-10-26

Where to look. Entire substantive provision; House Bill 100, 127th General Assembly

N31 · Historical legislation

R.C. 4123.442 — historical investment-policy restrictions

Ohio General Assembly / Ohio Laws · Effective 2007-09-10

Where to look. House Bill 100; divisions (A)–(D), asset benchmarks, prohibited vehicles and board approval.

N32 · Legislation

R.C. 4121.129 — audit, actuarial and investment committees

Ohio General Assembly / Ohio Laws · Effective 2015-09-29; accessed 2026-10-28

Where to look. Divisions (A)(1)–(5) and (C)(2)(a)–(e): audit correction, implementation monitoring and investment oversight. Current text, not the original 2007 enactment.

N33 · Legislation

R.C. 4121.12 — board duties, investment review and education

Ohio General Assembly / Ohio Laws · Effective 2025-09-26; accessed 2026-10-28

Where to look. Divisions (F)(4), (6)–(12) and (15): independent audits and counsel, policy publication, due diligence, performance reporting and education.

N34 · Legislation

R.C. 4123.441 — chief investment officer qualifications and supervision

Ohio General Assembly / Ohio Laws · Effective 2007-09-10; accessed 2026-10-26

Where to look. Divisions (A)–(C): licensing and designation, reasonable supervision and conditional protection, annual control review and securities-transaction evaluation.

N35 · Legislation

R.C. 4121.127 — prohibited transactions, fiduciary responsibility and insurance

Ohio General Assembly / Ohio Laws · Effective 2005-09-29; accessed 2026-10-26

Where to look. Divisions (A)–(F): parties in interest and exception, personal conflicts, responsibility for another fiduciary’s breach, minimum bonding or insurance and fiduciary definition.

A01 · Insolvency report · mirror

Informe de la administración concursal de Afinsa

Afinsa court-appointed insolvency administrators; RDMF mirror · 2007-03-29

Where to look. Printed pp. 68–72 cash flows (tables in thousands of euros); pp. 137–146 contract analysis; pp. 147–153 CIT growth; p. 404 closing balance; printed p. 204 (PDF p. 206), Cliente Amigo referral campaign and participation/contract figures

A02 · Court decision

STS 749/2017 — Afinsa criminal appeal

Tribunal Supremo, Sala de lo Penal · 2017-11-21

Where to look. ECLI:ES:TS:2017:4008; STS 749/2017; second judgment and disposition, PDF pp. 91–92; public copy uses substituted personal names

A03 · Reporting on judgment

Supreme Court reduces Afinsa executives’ sentences

RTVE · 2017-11-23

A05 · Court decision · mirror

STS 611/2015 — Afinsa repurchase obligations

Tribunal Supremo, Sala de lo Civil; vLex mirror · 2015-11-19

Where to look. ECLI:ES:TS:2015:5069; appeal 589/2013; legal reasoning numbered paragraphs 8–12 on contractual commitments, maturity, contingent claims and transfer of the stamps into the estate; paragraphs 13–14 on market valuation. Full judgment also reproduced by Iustel, ref_iustel=1150804.

A06 · Civil complaint

SEC v. Escala Group, Manning and Crawford — complaint

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · 2009-03-23

Where to look. Complaint §§20–25, pp10–13; footnote1 p13 says counsel informed audit committee in July2004

A07 · Regulator settlement release

Greg Manning settlement

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · 2010-08-24

Where to look. Litigation Release 21630

A08 · Regulator settlement release

Larry Crawford settlement

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · 2011-09-16

Where to look. Litigation Release 22095

A09 · Regulator report

Investor complaints report — second quarter 2006

Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores · 2006

Where to look. Closing discussion of Afinsa / Fórum; Additional passages reviewed 2026-10-28: Printed p. 17, section 6.1, Inversiones en bienes tangibles

A10 · Legislation

Ley 43/2007 — protection of consumers buying goods with a repurchase offer

Boletín Oficial del Estado · 2007-12-13

Where to look. Articles2–5,7–8; effective December15,2007; transition provision renewals after effectiveness; Additional passages reviewed 2026-10-28: Articles 4(4), 5, 7 and 8(4); transitional provision, paragraph 3

A11 · Court decision · mirror

STS 894/2026 — Afinsa VAT recovery dispute

Tribunal Supremo, Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo; vLex mirror · 2026-07-14

Where to look. Recurso 349/2024

A12 · Liquidation notices

Afinsa liquidation — official notices

Liquidación Afinsa · 2023–2026

A13 · Court order

Order setting rules after insolvency conclusion

Juzgado Mercantil 6, Madrid; liquidators’ site · 2024-02-06

A15 · Payment-entitlement notice

Requests with payment entitlement — second quarter 2026

Liquidación Afinsa / judicial consignation notice · 2026

A18 · Company regulatory filing

Escala quarterly report: ownership and supply agreements

Escala Group — SEC Form 10-Q · Quarter ended 2005-12-31

Where to look. Note1 pp8–9; MD&A pp30–31, supply agreement, pricing and fee

A19 · Company regulatory filing

Corporate history and SEC settlement

Spectrum Group International — SEC Form 10-K · Fiscal year ended 2009-06-30

Where to look. Item3 p22; Note15 ppF34–F35, securities and derivative settlements Restatement, Purchase Accounting: Superior and other acquisitions, undocumented management estimates and subsequent independent appraisals.

A20 · Company regulatory filing

Corporate name history

Spectrum Group International — SEC Form 10-K · Fiscal year ended 2011-06-30

Where to look. Item 1, p. 3

A21 · Court judgment · hosted copy

Afinsa criminal trial judgment 22/2016

Audiencia Nacional, Sala de lo Penal, Sección Primera — FACUA-hosted copy · 2016-07-27

Where to look. Proven facts pp. 14–34; contract products pp. 22–25; transaction examples pp. 29–33; accounting and auditor pp. 94–105; verdict and civil relief pp. 170–174, as modified on appeal; p. 65, brochure promises and customer loss (English excerpt marked as translation)

A22 · Company settlement announcement

Escala announces settlement of SEC investigation

Escala Group — SEC-filed exhibit 99.1 · 2009-03-23

Where to look. Opening paragraphs; court approval subsequently reported in A19

A23 · Administrative order

Crawford administrative order

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · 2011-09-21

Where to look. Section III.2, p. 2

A24 · Official prosecution annual report

Afinsa criminal appeal and sentence enforcement — official prosecution report

Fiscalía General del Estado, Fiscalía Especial contra la Corrupción y la Criminalidad Organizada · 2019 annual report, addressing 2018 activity

Where to look. Entry: Sumario 2/2013, Caso AFINSA; STS 749/2017; ejecutoria 100/17

A25 · Official petition response

Petition 0231/2019 — Commission response on compensation and EU financial-services coverage

European Parliament, Committee on Petitions / European Commission · 2022-03-16

Where to look. PE643.153v02–00, pp. 1–2; response and conclusion

A26 · Official commercial-register notice

Afinsa insolvency conclusion and extinction — commercial-register entry

Boletín Oficial del Registro Mercantil · 2024-03-15; records order dated 2023-06-12

Where to look. Entry 132162; insolvency 208/2006; inscription 362 dated March 8, 2024

A27 · Official government program announcement

Improved ICO advance program for affected philatelic customers

Government of Spain — Council of Ministers · 2008-01-11

Where to look. Section “Mejora de la línea de mediación para los afectados por los casos de Fórum Filatélico y Afinsa”

A28 · Company regulatory filing

Spectrum Group International restatement of Afinsa-related transactions

Spectrum Group International — SEC Form 8-K · 2009-06-30

Where to look. Note 3, pp. F-16–F-18; “Transactions with Afinsa” and “Revenue recognition”

A29 · Historical legislation

Ley 35/2003 — original rules for marketing certain tangible goods

Boletín Oficial del Estado · 2003-11-04; original version effective 2004-02-05

Where to look. Original additional provision four, especially paragraphs 1–2; later repealed by Ley 43/2007; Additional passages reviewed 2026-10-28: Historical additional provision four, paragraphs 1, 2 and 9

A30 · Official litigation annual report

State Legal Service report on 2010 philatelic-case liability litigation

Abogacía General del Estado — Ministry of Justice · 2011; report for 2010

Where to look. Printed p. 55, PDF p. 59, reporting Supreme Court decisions of December 9 and 13, 2010; government litigant perspective

A31 · Official consumer information sheet

2008 ICO advance program — eligibility, repayment and operating terms

Agència Catalana del Consum — government program information · 2008; participating-institution list updated 2008-02-18

Where to look. pp. 1–2: limits, interest, commission and five-year amortization; p. 4: dated institution list

A32 · Company merger disclosure

Greg Manning Auctions — Spectrum merger proxy

Greg Manning Auctions, Inc. · 2000-01-13

Where to look. Printed p. 5: Spectrum founded in 1991 by Warren Trepp and his Drexel role; introduction and Annex B identify selling shareholders. Filing date January 13; proxy dated January 14.

A33 · Company completion report

Greg Manning Auctions — completion of Spectrum merger

Greg Manning Auctions, Inc. · 2000-03-06

Where to look. Form 8-K, Item 2: agreement December 8, 1999; closing February 18, 2000; effective February 22; actual share distribution. This event-specific report distinguishes dates compressed in later corporate summaries.

A34 · Administrative initial decision

In the Matter of Warren G. Trepp — initial decision

SEC Administrative Law Judge Carol Fox Foelak · 1997-08-18

Where to look. Release 115, File 3-8833. Sections II.A–B and III.B: settlement contribution, Reliance, recordkeeping and rejected theories; public-interest discussion and dismissal. Both sides appealed; final Commission disposition is A35.

A35 · Final administrative disposition

In the Matter of Warren G. Trepp — order dismissing proceedings

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · 1999-09-24

Where to look. Release 34-41913, File 3-8833: no remedial purpose in a cease-and-desist order; Commission takes no view on the merits or the ALJ’s legal standard.

A36 · Agency historical account

Managing the Crisis: The FDIC and RTC Experience — professional liability claims

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation · 1998

Where to look. Volume I, Chapter 11, printed pp. 282–283: Drexel/Milken settlements and claims on behalf of 53 failed thrifts. The passage does not name Trepp; his contribution is separately recorded in A34.

A37 · Seller’s company filing

Collectors Universe — fiscal 2004 Form 10-K

Collectors Universe, Inc. · 2004 (year ended June 30)

Where to look. Note 3, Discontinued Operations: February 19 sale to Spectrum of Bowers & Merena, Kingswood and Superior; combined consideration and retained inventory and receivables. Accounting classification is not a later closure date.

A38 · Acquisition contract

Collectors Universe / Spectrum asset purchase agreement

Collectors Universe, Inc. and Spectrum Numismatics International, Inc.; SEC exhibit reproduced by Justia · 2004-02-19

Where to look. Article I, Auction Business Records; sections 2.1 and 2.8: trade names, records, licensed software and data transfer. Contract price $2.51 million differs from the seller’s annual-report amount; neither is a Superior-only price.

A39 · Company filing

Spectrum Group International — Afinsa ownership and wine operations

Spectrum Group International, Inc. · 2012-09-27

Where to look. Item 1: wine business formed February 2009; Afinsa/Auctentia majority through September 25, 2012; stake approximately 57% at June 30 and 9.9% after repurchase.

A40 · Criminal charging affidavit

United States v. Kurniawan — London-auction charging affidavit

U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York / FBI · 2012-03-08

Where to look. Printed pp. 29–36, paragraphs 46–53: London nominee arrangement and withdrawals. The affidavit anonymizes the businesses; A41 identifies them. Allegations at charging stage.

A41 · Trial transcript

United States v. Kurniawan — Spectrum/Vanquish trial evidence

U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York; transcript mirrored by Vinography · 2013-12-13

Where to look. Printed pp. 819–822: named auction businesses, disclosure answers and documentary stipulation; pp. 845–846: cross-examination and qualification of witness’s assertion of knowledge.

A42 · Civil docket and party register

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation v. Milken — civil docket and parties

U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York; PACER/RECAP docket reproduced by CourtListener · 1991-01-18 (case filed)

Where to look. Case 1:91-cv-00433. Defendant grouping includes Warren Trepp; plaintiffs are FDIC and Resolution Trust Corporation. Register establishes party status, not adjudication of the underlying allegations.

A43 · Contemporaneous reporting with responses

Trepp often seems to be in the wrong place at the wrong time

J. Patrick Coolican, Steve Kanigher and Mary Manning / Las Vegas Sun · 2006-11-19

Where to look. eTreppid/Montgomery civil dispute and Trepp/Gibbons responses. For Spectrum merger timing use the original completion filing A33; for final SEC disposition use A35; for the later investigation outcome use A44.

A44 · Contemporaneous outcome reporting

Nevada Governor Faces No Charges as Inquiry Ends

Carrie Johnson / The Washington Post · 2008-11-02

Where to look. Opening paragraph. Displayed publication date November 2; archive URL November 3. Attributed reporting, not an official prosecutorial disposition letter.

A45 · Executed corporate agreement

Securities Purchase Agreement among Afinsa, Auctentia and Spectrum Group International

Afinsa Bienes Tangibles, Auctentia and Spectrum Group International; SEC EDGAR · 2012-03-05

Where to look. Recitals; sections 2.1–2.2; the original agreement, subsequently amended before closing

A46 · Form 8-K

SGI reports completion of the Afinsa securities purchase

Spectrum Group International; SEC EDGAR · 2012-09-26

Where to look. Items 2.01, 3.02, 5.01–5.02 and 8.01; September 25, 2012 closing

A47 · Form 8-K

SGI announces the original Afinsa buyout agreement and board process

Spectrum Group International; SEC EDGAR · 2012-03-07

Where to look. Item 1.01, especially original price, special committee recommendation, abstentions and fairness opinion

A48 · Financial adviser opinion

Roth Capital Partners fairness opinion on the proposed Afinsa buyout

Roth Capital Partners; SEC EDGAR exhibit 99.1 · 2012-03-05

Where to look. Opening mandate; review items (i)–(viii); paragraphs on verification, appraisal and scope; fee and prior services disclosures; final conclusion

A49 · Form 10-Q · period end

SGI quarterly report: Afinsa consignments and disposal of the stamp division

Spectrum Group International; SEC EDGAR · 2012-09-30

Where to look. Note 12, Related Party Transactions, ‘Other Transactions with Afinsa,’ printed p. 22; Note 3 and MD&A, Discontinued Operations, for September 13, 2012 disposal

A50 · Court decision · reproduced text

Afinsa insolvency closure judgment 83/2023

Juzgado de lo Mercantil nº 6 de Madrid; Iberley reproduction · 2023-06-12

Where to look. ECLI:ES:JMM:2023:4453; CENDOJ 28079470062023100070; grounds Segundo, paras. 1–5; Tercero, paras. 1–2; Quinto; disposition

A51 · Official tax guidance

INFORMA 147400 — Pérdida inversión en Afinsa

Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria · 2024; updated guidance includes 2025 ruling

Where to look. Pregunta, Respuesta and Normativa/doctrina; references V0652-24, V1103-25 and insolvency 208/2006

A52 · Official annual report

Dirección General de Tributos — Memoria de actividades 2024

Ministerio de Hacienda, Dirección General de Tributos · 2024

Where to look. Printed p. 35 (PDF page 57), Consulta V0652-24, de 12 de abril, ‘Pérdidas de Afinsa’

A53 · Form 8-K

SGI reports first amendment to the Afinsa purchase agreement

Spectrum Group International; SEC EDGAR · 2012-07-05

Where to look. Item 1.01: July 4 amendment; termination-date extension and 5% interest from July 15.

A54 · Executed corporate agreement amendment

Third amendment to the Afinsa securities purchase agreement

Afinsa, Auctentia and Spectrum Group International; SEC EDGAR · 2012-09-17 (agreement’s stated as-of date)

Where to look. Clauses 1(b)–(c), 1(j), 1(l): retained-share calculation, revised section 2.2, resignations and sale assistance.

A55 · Executed corporate agreement

2014 agreement for remaining shares and Washington collection

Afinsa, Auctentia, Spectrum Group International and A-Mark Precious Metals; SEC EDGAR · 2014-02-26

Where to look. Recitals; sections 2.1–2.2 and 3.1(g): assets, payment allocations and collection warranty exclusions.

A56 · Form 8-K

SGI reports the first 2014 Afinsa purchase closing

Spectrum Group International; SEC EDGAR · 2014-02-27

Where to look. Item 1.01, first-closing paragraphs: February 26 completion, $2.10 per share and transfer of distribution rights.

A57 · Form 8-K/A

A-Mark reports completed purchase of Afinsa and Auctentia shares

A-Mark Precious Metals; SEC EDGAR · 2014-06-06

Where to look. Item 1.01: June 4 amendment and closing; A-Mark holdings extinguished; SGI closing separately scheduled.

A58 · Official legislative announcement

Government submits tangible-goods consumer-protection bill

Government of Spain — Council of Ministers / La Moncloa · 2007-04-20

Where to look. Opening explanation of judicial interventions, May 25, 2006 parliamentary motion and bill submission. Read the enacted law A10 for final obligations.

A59 · Final appellate admissibility order

Supreme Court order refusing the Banco de España liability appeal

Tribunal Supremo, Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo; vLex reproduction · 2022-10-19

Where to look. ECLI:ES:TS:2022:14266A; appeal 8018/2021; Hechos Primero, Razonamientos Jurídicos Segundo–Tercero and operative disposition. Refusal of admission, not a new merits trial.

A60 · Official commercial-register notice

Afinsa culpable insolvency and individual disqualifications — commercial-register entries

Boletín Oficial del Registro Mercantil · 2020-07-14

Where to look. Entries 221786, 221800, 221805 and 221806; inscription dated July 7, 2020. Records final September 30, 2014 culpability judgment and fifteen-year disqualifications; not proof of collections.

A61 · Civil appeal judgment · quoted earlier disposition

SAP Madrid 358/2017 — reproduced first-instance insolvency culpability disposition

Audiencia Provincial de Madrid, Sección 28; vLex reproduction · 2017-07-13

Where to look. ECLI:ES:APM:2017:10887; appeal 259/2015; Antecedentes de Hecho Primero, quoted September 30, 2014 disposition, paragraphs 2–4. Cited only for that historical disposition; use A60 for registered final disqualifications.

S01 · Prosecutor release

Allen Stanford sentenced to 110 years

U.S. Department of Justice · 2012-06-14

Where to look. S.D. Tex. 4:09-cr-342

S02 · Court decision

United States v. Stanford — criminal appeal

U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit · 2015-10-29

Where to look. 805 F.3d 557; appeal 12-20411; background pp. 2–4 and appellate disposition

S03 · Inspector General report

Investigation of SEC response to concerns regarding Stanford

SEC Office of Inspector General · 2010-03-31

Where to look. Report 526; printed pp. 16–18, 29–60, 70–80 and 123–130; especially pp. 16–17 and 58–60. PDF page numbers are eight greater than printed page numbers.

S05 · Congressional testimony

SEC testimony on the Inspector General’s Stanford report

Robert Khuzami and Carlo di Florio, SEC · 2010-09-22

Where to look. Sections “Enforcement and OCIE Responses,” first and second recommendations

S06 · Congressional hearing

Oversight hearing on the SEC Inspector General’s Stanford report

U.S. Senate; GovInfo · 2010-09-22

Where to look. S. Hrg. 111-818

S07 · Prosecutor release

Leroy King sentenced

U.S. Department of Justice · 2021-02-24

S08 · Prosecutor release

James Davis sentenced

U.S. Department of Justice · 2013-01-22

S09 · Prosecutor release

Gilbert Lopez and Mark Kuhrt sentenced

U.S. Department of Justice · 2013-02-14

S10 · Prosecutor release

Laura Pendergest-Holt sentenced

U.S. Attorney, Southern District of Texas · 2012-09-13

S11 · Court decision · mirror

SEC v. SIPC

U.S. Court of Appeals, D.C. Circuit; Justia mirror · 2014-07-18

Where to look. Appeal 12-5286

S12 · Court decision · mirror

Chadbourne & Parke LLP v. Troice

U.S. Supreme Court; Cornell LII mirror · 2014-02-26

Where to look. 571 U.S. 377; No. 12-79

S13 · Defendant settlement announcement

TD agrees to settle Stanford matter

TD Bank Group · 2023-02-27

S14 · Court judgment · mirror

Final civil judgment and memorandum opinion

U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas; Justia mirror · 2025-01-29

Where to look. 3:09-cv-00298-N; document 3455

S18 · Filed financial statement

Receiver cash-flow statement, exhibit 1

Receiver Ralph Janvey; court examiner’s archive · 2025-08-20

Where to look. Document 3521-1, p. 2

S19 · Court order

Order approving final distribution

U.S. District Court; court examiner’s archive · 2025-10-08

Where to look. Document 3555; supplemental-fee discussion pp. 9–13

S20 · Court officer’s reporting and record index

Court-appointed examiner’s case and filing archive

John J. Little / Little Pedersen Fankhauser LLP · Updates through 2026

S23 · Filed receiver report

Receiver status report on final distribution payments

Receiver Ralph Janvey · 2026-07-09

Where to look. Document 3629; reported status July 1, 2026

S24 · Court order

Order denying Escalona requests

U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas · 2026-08-03

Where to look. Document 3637

S25 · Official docket

Stanford v. SEC — certiorari docket

U.S. Supreme Court · 2026-10-05

Where to look. No. 25-7624

S26 · Official court index / audio

SEC v. Stanford — oral argument recording index

U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit · 2026-10-07

Where to look. 25-11338; SEC v. Stanford

S27 · Official court record

Stanford International Bank v. HSBC — case record

UK Supreme Court · 2022-12-21

Where to look. [2022] UKSC 34; UKSC/2021/0103

S28 · Court press summary

Stanford v. HSBC — press summary

UK Supreme Court · 2022-12-21

S29 · Liquidators’ report

Update to Creditors — June 2026

Joint liquidators of Stanford International Bank · 2026-06-23

Where to look. Sections 2–5 and Appendix A

S30 · Administrative consent order

In the Matter of Spencer C. Barasch — consent sanctions order

Securities and Exchange Commission · 2012-05-24

Where to look. Release 34-67060; File 3-14891; pp. 1–4, findings 3–10 and sections IV–V

S31 · Administrative reinstatement order

Spencer C. Barasch — order permitting resumed SEC practice

Securities and Exchange Commission · 2013-09-05

Where to look. Release 34-70332; File 3-14891; sections II–III

S32 · Court opinion

SEC v. Stanford International Bank — Société Générale settlement bar order appeal

U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit · 2024-08-09

Where to look. No. 23-10726; majority pp. 2, 6–8, 17–18; concurrence in judgment pp. 19–21

S33 · Party appellate brief

Receiver and professional firms’ opening brief on supplemental fees

Appellants in Fifth Circuit appeal; court examiner’s archive · 2026-03-23

Where to look. No. 25-11338; Document 55; printed pp. 17–18 and 23 (PDF pp. 31–32 and 37). Archive filename says 2023; filed header and examiner index show 2026.

S34 · Party appellate brief

SEC appellee brief opposing additional supplemental fees

Securities and Exchange Commission; court examiner’s archive · 2026-05-23

Where to look. No. 25-11338; Document 67; printed pp. 16–17 (PDF pp. 26–27)

S35 · Receiver counsel’s announcement

Receiver’s counsel reports bank-settlement receipts

Baker Botts LLP · 2024-07-01

Where to look. Opening paragraph; settlement totals and concluding payment/distribution paragraph

S36 · Civil complaint

SEC v. Stanford International Bank — first amended complaint

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · 2009-02-27

Where to look. Document 48; paragraphs 21–28 (rates and commissions), 43–53 (portfolio and oversight), 61–80 (SAS allegations). Allegations, not findings.

S37 · Prosecutor account of plea admissions

James Davis pleads guilty — false accounting and Tier III assets

U.S. Department of Justice · 2009-08-27

Where to look. Paragraphs describing general-ledger entries from 1990, reverse-engineered return figures, Tier III and the 2008 land transaction.

S38 · Prosecutor account of guilty plea

Leroy King pleads guilty — obstruction of the SEC investigation

U.S. Attorney, Southern District of Texas · 2020-01-30

Where to look. King’s FSRC duties, approximately $520,963.87 in cash payments, benefits and refusal of the SEC assistance request.

S39 · Claims-administration guidance

Stanford receivership — claim certifications and payee requirements

Stanford U.S. receivership claims administrator · Historical instructions; accessed 2026-10-26

Where to look. Certification Forms and Distribution, questions 2–7; Trusts, Deceased Accountholders, and Related Beneficiaries. The FAQ preserves historical procedures; it is not evidence that closed plans remain open.

S40 · Investor testimony

Investor written testimony to the Senate Banking Committee

Investor testimony preserved by the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs · 2009-08-14

Where to look. Investor written statement dated August 14, prepared for the August 17, 2009 hearing; pp. 1–2 describe retirement, advice, liquidity and protection. Personal name omitted; broader liability claims are the witness’s position.

S41 · Prosecutor announcement

Switzerland compensates victims in the case of Allen Stanford

Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland; Swiss federal authorities · 2014-03-10

Where to look. Corporate aggravated-money-laundering sanction against Stanford Group (Suisse) AG; CHF 1m fine and CHF 6–9m compensatory claims. Distinct from the SIB/UBP civil claim.

S42 · Court-plan and payment-schedule index

Stanford receivership — distribution schedules

Stanford U.S. receivership claims administrator · 2013–2026; accessed 2026-10-26

Where to look. Introduction identifies eleven closed interim plans and final plan; first listed interim schedule dated August 20, 2013.

S43 · Regulator position and litigation authorization

SEC concludes certain Stanford investors qualify for SIPA protection

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · 2011-06-15

Where to look. SEC request for SIPC liquidation and proposed claims procedure. The contrary 2014 appellate outcome is S11.

S44 · Special committee report

2009 special review of FINRA’s examination program — Stanford findings

FINRA Special Review Committee · 2009-09

Where to look. Printed pp. 18–28: 2005 cycle, CD economics, jurisdiction and SEC-referral misunderstanding; p. 28, footnote 26: $20,000 check-holding fine; pp. 38–44: 2007 cycle and Boca Raton examination. PDF page number is printed page + 3.; Additional passages reviewed 2026-10-28: Printed p. 1 (scope and interview limits); pp. 18–28 (Stanford examinations and referral); pp. 69–76 (responses and recommendations). Printed page 1 is PDF reader page 4.

S45 · Congressional testimony

SEC testimony — closing the Stanford OIG recommendations

Robert Khuzami and Carlo di Florio, SEC · 2011-05-13

Where to look. Enforcement and OCIE Responses to Inspector General Recommendations; closure dates October 8, 2010 and March 9, 2011.; Additional passages reviewed 2026-10-28: Enforcement and OCIE Responses to Inspector General Recommendations; closure dates October 8, 2010 and March 9, 2011; second recommendation on performance measures.

S46 · Court decision · mirror

Janvey v. Brown — recovery of payments above principal

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; Justia court-opinion mirror · 2014-09-11

Where to look. 767 F.3d 430; Nos. 13-10266, 13-10272, 13-10276, 13-10279; opinion pp. 3, 15–22, especially pp. 17–21 (interest/principal and IRA distinction)

S47 · Court decision

Janvey v. Golf Channel — Texas Supreme Court answer on reasonably equivalent value

Supreme Court of Texas · 2016-04-01

Where to look. No. 15-0489; 487 S.W.3d 560; opinion pp. 4–7 (transaction and issue), pp. 33–35 (conclusion); introductory holding p. 4

S48 · Court decision · mirror

Janvey v. Golf Channel — judgment affirmed after certified answer

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; Justia court-opinion mirror · 2016-08-22

Where to look. No. 13-11305; 834 F.3d 570; opinion pp. 2–5, including Texas-law/federal-law distinction and final affirmance

S49 · Court decision

Janvey v. GMAG — inquiry notice and the good-faith defense

Supreme Court of Texas · 2019-12-20

Where to look. No. 19-0452; 592 S.W.3d 125; opinion pp. 1–5, especially p. 5 n. 1; pp. 7–14, good faith and rejection of futility exception

S50 · Court decision · mirror

Janvey v. GMAG — application of Texas answer and judgment for receiver

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; FindLaw court-opinion mirror · 2020-10-08

Where to look. No. 17-11526; 977 F.3d 422; § I (transactions, payments and jury findings); § III.A (record evidence), III.C (no retrial), IV (disposition)

S51 · Court decision

Janvey v. GMAG — setoff denied on equitable grounds

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2024-03-20

Where to look. Nos. 22-10235 and 22-10429; 98 F.4th 127; substituted opinion pp. 2–7 (history), pp. 24–27 (unclean hands, preference and affirmance)

S52 · Court decision

Janvey v. GMAG — second rehearing petition denied

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2024-08-26

Where to look. Nos. 22-10235 and 22-10429; order/opinion pp. 2–3 (denial and procedural scope), pp. 4–9 (judge/jury allocation)

S53 · Court docket

GMAG v. Janvey — certiorari docket 24-679

Supreme Court of the United States · 2025-01-27

Where to look. Lower-court decision March 20, 2024; rehearing August 26, 2024; January 27, 2025 entry: petition denied

S54 · Court decision · mirror

Troice v. Proskauer Rose — attorney immunity

U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit; Justia mirror · 2016-03-10

Where to look. No. 15-10500; 816 F.3d 341; pp. 2–3, 9–12; p. 11 n. 3.

S55 · Filed settlement agreement

Proskauer settlement agreement

Settling parties; Stanford claims archive · 2018-08-24

Where to look. Document 2769 excerpt; agreement pp. 3–6; paragraphs 19–20, pp. 13–14.

S56 · Substituted court opinion · mirror

Zacarias v. Stanford — Willis and BMB bar orders

U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit; Justia mirror · 2019-12-19

Where to look. No. 17-11073 and consolidated appeals; 945 F.3d 883; pp. 5, 16, 21, 24–29, 34–37.

S57 · Court opinion

SEC v. Stanford — insurance settlement vacated

U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit · 2019-06-17

Where to look. No. 17-10663; 927 F.3d 830; pp. 3–8, 22–27, 31.

S58 · Court order · mirror

SEC v. Stanford — amended insurance settlement approved

U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas; Justia mirror · 2021-01-21

Where to look. Document 3052; pp. 4–7 and 16.

S59 · Executed settlement agreement

BDO settlement agreement

Settling parties; Stanford claims archive · 2015-05

Where to look. Agreement pp. 3–4, paragraph 8 (p. 7), paragraph 21 (p. 11), paragraph 46 (p. 20); appended order forms.

S60 · Inspector General audit

OCIE Regional Offices’ Referrals to Enforcement

SEC Office of Inspector General · 2011-03-30

Where to look. Report 493; transmittal p. ii; executive summary pp. iv–vii; recommendations 2–7.; Additional passages reviewed 2026-10-28: Report 493; printed pp. 14–19 (documentation and capture), 24–25 (status reconciliation), 29 (judgmental sampling), recommendations 2–7. Printed page 14 is PDF reader page 23; printed page 29 is PDF reader page 38.

S61 · Appellate judgment

Re Stanford International Bank — cross-border recognition

Court of Appeal of England and Wales · 2010-02-25

Where to look. [2010] EWCA Civ 137, paragraphs 23–29, 48–56, 67 and 102(2).

S62 · Government case and victim-notification account

United States v. Robert Allen Stanford — international settlement account

U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division · 2013 settlement account; page updated 2023-09-27

Where to look. Settlement Agreement Reached: asset pool, anticipated distributions, coordination and April 2013 approvals.

S63 · Liquidators’ explanatory account

Responses concerning the March 12, 2013 Settlement Agreement

Joint Liquidators of Stanford International Bank · 2013 agreement Q&A; page does not establish original posting date

Where to look. Questions 3–4, 7 and 9: working capital, prior advance, separate distributions and litigation coordination.

S64 · Appellate judgment

Re Stanford International Bank — Antiguan clawback and distribution adjustment

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council · 2019-12-16

Where to look. [2019] UKPC 45, paragraphs 54–74, 79, 104–109 and 113–114.

W01 · Company filing

Spectrum Group International — fiscal 2012 Form 10-K

Spectrum Group International, Inc. · 2012-09-27

Where to look. Item 1: prior names; Afinsa/Auctentia majority ownership through September 25, 2012; June 30 stake and subsequent repurchase.

W02 · Criminal charging affidavit

United States v. Rudy Kurniawan — criminal complaint and FBI affidavit

U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York / FBI · 2012-03-08

Where to look. Printed pp. 29–36, paragraphs 46–53: London nominee, physical handoff, provenance requests, 78 DRC bottles, additional de Vogüé lots, warning statements and withdrawal. Allegations at charging stage.

W03 · Contemporaneous reporting and company response

Spectrum and Vanquish: Kurniawan wines are not in sale

Adam Lechmere / Decanter · 2012-02-07

Where to look. Denial and proposed inspection process. Original date established by Decanter February 2012 archive; article displays a later May 27, 2015 update.

W04 · Contemporaneous reporting and producer response

Spectrum and Vanquish withdraw DRC lots from auction

Adam Lechmere / Decanter · 2012-02-08

Where to look. Thirteen initial withdrawals, distinguishing twelve DRC lots from Latour à Pomerol; label concerns and agent authentication limitation. Original date in February 2012 archive.

W05 · Contemporaneous auction reporting

Spectrum & Vanquish happy despite withdrawn lots at London auction

Adam Lechmere and Maggie Rosen / Decanter · 2012-02-10

Where to look. Sale proceeded, company responses and report of withdrawal addenda. Original date in February 2012 archive.

W06 · Contemporaneous reporting and company response

Now Spectrum threatens to sue Kurniawan

Richard Woodard / Decanter · 2012-03-15

Where to look. Greg Roberts statement: alleged secret nominee, cooperation, halted consignments and conditional remedies. Original March 15 date in publisher archive; displayed May 2015 date is an update.

W07 · Trial transcript

United States v. Kurniawan — December 13, 2013 trial transcript

U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York; transcript mirrored by Vinography · 2013-12-13

Where to look. Printed pp. 813–823 (relationship, Spectrum/Vanquish, disclosure answers and mailing stipulation) and 845–846 (cross-examination assertion of company knowledge, qualified as opinion and assumption). PDF page index = printed page minus 737.

W08 · Prosecution sentencing announcement

Rudy Kurniawan sentenced to ten years for counterfeit wine and loan fraud

U.S. Attorney’s Office, Southern District of New York · 2014-08-07

Where to look. Sentence, 2004–2012 conduct, separate $3 million loan, $20 million forfeiture and $28,405,502.50 restitution.

W09 · Appellate court order

United States v. Kurniawan, 627 F. App’x 24 — summary order

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; judgment reproduced by CaseMine · 2015-12-22

Where to look. No. 14-2928-cr; affirmance; independent probable cause after excising protective-sweep observations; mail-fraud count and remaining arguments. Nonprecedential summary order.

W10 · Company filing

Spectrum Group International — fiscal 2009 Form 10-K

Spectrum Group International, Inc. · 2009-10-08

Where to look. Collectibles segment, pp. 5–6; authentication and return practices, p. 34 and note F-13.

W11 · Official agency bulletin

ICE confirms removal of Rudy Kurniawan to Indonesia

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement · 2021-04-14

Where to look. DHS/ICE bulletin dated April 14, 2021 confirms removal and arrival in Indonesia; original ICE page currently blocks automated retrieval.

W12 · Company announcement

Spectrum Wine Auctions 2012 Year in Review

Spectrum Wine Auctions · 2013-01-10

Where to look. Company-reported aggregate 2012 auction sales exceeding $14.5 million; distinct live and internet totals. Not an independent authenticity audit.

W13 · Trial transcript

United States v. Kurniawan — trial transcript, December 10, 2013

U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York; transcript hosted by Vinography · 2013-12-10

Where to look. Printed pp. 34–37 (underwriting and provenance), pp. 73–76 (default, collateral sale and effect of undisclosed debt), pp. 102–106 (cross-examination on collateral and volatility), pp. 199–201 and 249–251 (Hardy direct and cross concerning the April 2008 withdrawals). PDF page index = printed page minus 30.

W14 · Official investigation account

Vintage Fraud: Wine Dealer Sentenced in Counterfeiting Scheme

Federal Bureau of Investigation · 2014-09-05

Where to look. Agents’ description of the 2012 search, materials recovered, and cooperation by wine producers.

W15 · Museum exhibition and object analysis

Wine — Treasures on Trial: The Art and Science of Detecting Fakes

Winterthur Museum, Garden & Library · 2017–2018 exhibition

Where to look. Faking the Labels: the purported 1990 La Tâche magnum and its label micrograph; distinct from the preceding Rodenstock discussion.

W16 · Official verdict announcement

Wine Dealer Rudy Kurniawan Convicted in Manhattan Federal Court

U.S. Attorney’s Office, Southern District of New York · 2013-12-18

Where to look. The Scheme to Defraud a Lender; concluding identification of mail-fraud and wire-fraud counts.

W17 · Official asset-disposition report

United States Marshals Service Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2016

U.S. Marshals Service · Fiscal year 2016

Where to look. Printed p. 24 (PDF p. 30), Counterfeit Wine: authentication, rounded bottle counts, auction proceeds, destruction and compensation assertion.

W18 · Unpublished court opinion · mirror

Buyer’s action against Kurniawan — arbitration motion

California Court of Appeal; FindLaw mirror · 2011-02-24

Where to look. No. B222464; auction conditions, later website terms and disposition.

W19 · Court opinion

Buyer’s consumer claims against Acker, Merrall & Condit Co.

New York Court of Appeals · 2012-03-27

Where to look. 18 N.Y.3d 940; statutory consumer claims and catalogue disclaimers.

W20 · Court opinion

Wine buyer’s nonparty-discovery proceeding

New York Court of Appeals · 2014-04-03

Where to look. 23 N.Y.3d 32; nonparty discovery standard, notice and footnote 1.

W21 · Contemporaneous reporting

Former wine collector to forfeit $20 million for counterfeiting

Reuters — Nate Raymond and Joseph Ax · 2014-07-24

Where to look. Civil settlement disclosed by counsel and the buyer’s representative.

W22 · Producer technical marketing specification

Connected Grand Cru Wines

Laurent Ponsot SAS · Undated; accessed 2026-10-26

Where to look. Single-page description of NFC capsule, opening detection and removal-evident seals.

W23 · Trial transcript

United States v. Kurniawan — trial transcript, December 16, 2013

U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York; transcript hosted by Vinography · 2013-12-16

Where to look. Printed pp. 1050–1054: Egan on the London inspection and Exhibits 3-1 and 1-1; pp. 1125–1128: redirect, initial answer and refreshed recollection of the importer-label error. PDF page index = printed page minus 923.; Printed pp. 1075–1076: cross-examination on two hours for 120 bottles, the availability of advance inspection appointments, and warehouse preparation.

W24 · Trial transcript · jury instructions

United States v. Kurniawan — trial transcript and jury instructions, December 17, 2013

U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York; transcript hosted by Vinography · 2013-12-17

Where to look. Printed p. 1328: good faith, fraudulent intent and the burden of proof; pp. 1334–1335: differing uses of indebtedness evidence, advances argument, motive and prohibited propensity inference. PDF page index = printed page minus 1138.

W25 · Company description of inspection and inventory practices

The Spectrum Wine Method

Spectrum Wine Auctions LLC · Undated; accessed 2026-10-28

Where to look. Inspection & Cataloguing; Condition Reporting; Inventory & Storage Tracking; Condition Notes. Current website account, not a dated record of the February 2012 London auction's procedures.

W26 · Company-published auction terms

Spectrum Wine — Terms & Conditions of Auction Sale

Spectrum Wine Auctions LLC · Undated; accessed 2026-10-28

Where to look. Auction tab: §3 Descriptions; §5 The Bidding Process, material-description-error return provision; §9 Disclaimer and Warranties. Read as an October 2026 website snapshot; not proof of 2012 London terms or a legal determination of enforceability.