Image credits
Sources, credits and notes for photographs used throughout the website.
Photographs provide context. They do not imply that a depicted facility belongs to Figure Eleven, or that its owner endorses or partners with us. Case-specific notes appear in the listing below.
Photographs
A Coast Guard Air Station Clearwater MH-60 Jayhawk during search-and-rescue training at Sand Key, Florida, on August 13, 2025.
U.S. Coast Guard photo by Petty Officer 1st Class Riley Perkofski, via DVIDS (250813-G-KL910-1502). The appearance of U.S. Department of War (DoW) visual information does not imply or constitute DoW endorsement.
Original source · Public domain
Official DVIDS full-frame 1000-pixel JPEG rendition. No local pixel edits, resampling, cropping or upscaling. No APP1 EXIF/XMP, APP13 IPTC or COM metadata segments were present; file unchanged.
A display of Alexander Graham Bell’s laboratory in Boston; photographed between 1980 and 2006.
Used on apply
Carol M. Highsmith / Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-12220.
Original source · Public domain
No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. Downloaded pixels and file bytes are unchanged.
A historic machine shop at Thomas Edison National Historical Park in West Orange, New Jersey, photographed in 2017.
Used on Apply
Carol M. Highsmith / Carol M. Highsmith’s America Project in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-45488.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress IIIF 1800-pixel rendition of the full frame. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
A law library photographed by Carol M. Highsmith in the 1980s; the catalog does not identify the location.
Used on Test the evidence
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-17721.
Original source · Public domain
Removed embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata; image pixels are unchanged.
A Metro Transit light-rail train in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, photographed in February 2020.
Used on analysis
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-63186.
Original source · Public domain
Official Library of Congress full-frame 1024-pixel JPEG. Removed APP1, APP13 and COM segments losslessly, preserving all compressed image data and the ICC profile. No local pixel edits, resampling, cropping or upscaling.
A mid-20th-century metal ballot box in the collection of the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
Used on Statutes & initiatives
Collection of the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, PL.305360.04.
Original source · CC0 public domain
Official source full-frame JPEG rendition. Removed metadata segments listed in metadataRemoved losslessly, preserving compressed image data and any ICC profile. No local pixel edits, resampling, cropping or upscaling.
A printing press at the Chinese Writing Museum in Anyang, photographed in 2011.
Used on Articles & project coverage
Gary Todd / Wikimedia Commons, from the photographer’s Flickr collection.
Used Flickr’s provider-generated Large 1600 rendition, preserving the full composition; removed embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata without changing the rendition’s compressed pixel stream.
A reel-fed microfilm reader for consulting archived material.
Used on Articles & project coverage
“Microfilm reader UWI” by Philosopher1234 / Wikimedia Commons. Unmodified Wikimedia rendition.
Original source · CC BY-SA 4.0
Downloaded the Wikimedia Commons full-frame 1280-pixel rendition. No APP1 EXIF/XMP, APP13 IPTC or COM metadata was present. No local pixel edits, resampling, cropping or upscaling.
A solar-powered USGS streamgage beside the Animas River above Tacoma, Colorado, with a train passing behind the monitoring site.
Used on research
U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Mission Area.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official 2048 × 1536 original. The only usable alternative linked on the official page is a 220-pixel thumbnail, so the original is retained. Removed APP1 EXIF and APP4 SCRNAIL preview segments losslessly; all compressed image data is unchanged. No local pixel edits, resampling, cropping or upscaling.
A Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton display at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, photographed in 2015.
Used on initiative
Carol M. Highsmith / Gates Frontiers Fund Colorado Collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-33530.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress full-frame IIIF rendition at 1200 × 1800. No APP1 EXIF/XMP, APP13 IPTC or COM metadata was present. No local pixel edits, resampling, cropping or upscaling.
Aerial view of Chicago, Illinois; photographed between 1980 and 2006.
Used on Understand the issue
Carol M. Highsmith / Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-16489.
Original source · Public domain
No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. Downloaded pixels and file bytes are unchanged.
An aerial view of the Newport Bridge across Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, photographed in July 2018.
Used on Theory & implementation
The Library of Congress, Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-52470.
Original source · Public domain
Official source full-frame JPEG rendition. Removed metadata segments listed in metadataRemoved losslessly, preserving compressed image data and any ICC profile. No local pixel edits, resampling, cropping or upscaling.
An Internet Archive Scribe book-scanning station, photographed in 2011.
Used on Research briefing
“Scribe Book Scaner” by Jason “Textfiles” Scott, 2011 / Flickr, via Wikimedia Commons.
Downloaded the Wikimedia Commons full-frame 1280-pixel rendition of the photographer’s original. No EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
Books in afternoon light
Karwin Luo
Editorial photograph from the approved Figure Eleven collection; not documentary evidence from a case.
Responsive gallery framing; original image file unchanged.
Bookshelves and a cast-iron balcony inside the George Peabody Library in Baltimore, photographed in September 2012.
Used on Application assistance
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-18381.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress IIIF 1800-pixel rendition of the full frame. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
Bronze and rhythm
Declan Sun
Editorial photograph from the approved Figure Eleven collection; not documentary evidence from a case.
Responsive gallery framing; original image file unchanged.
Classroom in evening light
Used on Education & Scholarships gallery · Learning through case studies
Allen Y
Editorial photograph from the approved Figure Eleven collection; not documentary evidence from a case.
Responsive gallery framing; original image file unchanged.
Conservatory of Flowers in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, photographed in 2012.
Used on Funding & independence
Carol M. Highsmith / The Jon B. Lovelace Collection of California Photographs in Carol M. Highsmith’s America Project, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-20762.
Original source · Public domain
No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. Downloaded pixels and file bytes are unchanged.
Courtyard outside the W.E.B. Du Bois Library at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, photographed in 2019.
Used on Eligibility
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-57657.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress 1024-pixel JPEG rendition of the full frame. Removed embedded JPEG comment, APP13 Photoshop/IPTC, APP1 EXIF/XMP metadata by deleting JPEG metadata segments; compressed image data and ICC color profile were preserved. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
Deanwood Community Center and Library, Washington, D.C., photographed in 2011.
Used on Funding & independence
Carol M. Highsmith / Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-20554.
Original source · Public domain
No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. Downloaded pixels and file bytes are unchanged.
Equipment in the historic chemical laboratory at Thomas Edison National Historical Park in West Orange, New Jersey, photographed in 2017.
Used on Scholarship interest
Carol M. Highsmith / Carol M. Highsmith’s America Project in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-45496.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress IIIF 1800-pixel rendition of the full frame. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
Fake Wine Labels
Source: FBI. Individual photographer not named.
Original source · Agency-linked reuse policy
Counterfeit labels used in Rudy Kurniawan’s wine-fraud operation. Published by the FBI, September 5, 2014. This photograph concerns the Kurniawan investigation. It does not identify the specific London auction lots or establish a conviction of Spectrum.
Unmodified.
Responsive gallery framing; original image file unchanged.
Fire Station No. 1 in Palm Springs, California, photographed in 2013.
Carol M. Highsmith / The Jon B. Lovelace Collection of California Photographs in Carol M. Highsmith’s America Project, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-24139.
Original source · Public domain
No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. Downloaded pixels and file bytes are unchanged.
Griffith Observatory above a wooded hillside in Los Angeles; the Library of Congress dates this photograph between 1980 and 2006.
Used on Participation
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-16510.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress IIIF 1800-pixel rendition of the full frame. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
Law library at the U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 2009.
Used on Foundation
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-10745.
Original source · Public domain
Removed embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata; image pixels are unchanged.
Library and circular geometry
Used on Teaching with case studies
Daniel Forsman
Editorial photograph from the approved Figure Eleven collection; not documentary evidence from a case.
Main Reading Room, Library of Congress, photographed in 2007.
Used on Home
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress.
Original source · No known publication restrictions
Removed embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata, if present; photograph pixels and natural frame unchanged.
Memorial Student Center at the University of Wisconsin–Stout in Menomonie, Wisconsin, photographed in 2016.
Used on Student support
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-40527.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress IIIF 1800-pixel rendition of the full frame. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
Milwaukee Water Works on Lake Michigan, Wisconsin, photographed in 2016.
Used on Theory & implementation
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-40013.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress IIIF 1800-pixel rendition of the full frame. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
Morgridge Family Exploration Center at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Colorado, photographed in 2015.
Used on apply
Carol M. Highsmith / Gates Frontiers Fund Colorado Collection within the Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-33534.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress IIIF 1800-pixel rendition of the full frame. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
NASA’s Common Research Model in a wind tunnel, used to collect aerodynamic measurements and assess computational models.
Used on Policy development
NASA, ACD10-0063-002.
Original source · NASA media-use terms
Official source full-frame JPEG rendition. Removed metadata segments listed in metadataRemoved losslessly, preserving compressed image data and any ICC profile. No local pixel edits, resampling, cropping or upscaling.
NOAA’s Currents Real-time Buoy (CURBY) on the Delaware River near Philadelphia during its July 2019 deployment for a tidal-current survey.
Used on initiative
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services.
Original source · NOAA reuse terms
Downloaded NOAA’s published 512 × 340 PNG at its supplied full frame. No local pixel edits, resampling, cropping or upscaling. PNG inspection found no EXIF or text metadata chunks. The file is unchanged.
Ohio Statehouse, Columbus
Used on Case Studies gallery · Coingate
Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, LC-DIG-highsm-41852.
Original source · No known restrictions on publication
Ohio Statehouse, Columbus. Photographed October 11, 2016. Ohio state-government context for the public-investment case; this image does not depict the coin assets.
Source-supplied image, unmodified.
Responsive gallery framing; original image file unchanged.
Pages and sculptural form
Mohamed Marey
Editorial photograph from the approved Figure Eleven collection; not documentary evidence from a case.
Responsive gallery framing; original image file unchanged.
Palacio de Gamazo (Madrid) 05
Used on Case Studies gallery · Afinsa
Luis García (Zaqarbal), Wikimedia Commons.
Original source · CC BY-SA 3.0 ES
Palacio de Gamazo, Afinsa’s former headquarters in Madrid. Photographed April 12, 2014. The 2016 judgment identifies 26 Calle de Génova as the headquarters acquired by Afinsa in 2002.
Unmodified.
Responsive gallery framing; original image file unchanged.
People and architectural scale
Zhen Yao
Editorial photograph from the approved Figure Eleven collection; not documentary evidence from a case.
Responsive gallery framing; original image file unchanged.
Printing press on display at Franklin Court in Philadelphia, photographed in 2013.
Used on Research briefing
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-56717.
Original source · Public domain
Removed embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata; image pixels are unchanged.
Radio telescope at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia, photographed in 2015.
Used on research
Carol M. Highsmith / West Virginia Collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-34483.
Original source · Public domain
Official Library of Congress IIIF full-frame 1600-pixel rendition. No local resampling, cropping or upscaling. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present.
Records shelving at The National Archives in Kew, United Kingdom.
Used on Standards of inquiry
The National Archives (United Kingdom), via Wikimedia Commons.
Removed embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata; image pixels are unchanged.
Seattle Central Library, Washington, photographed in 2009.
Used on Who we are
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-04680.
Original source · Public domain
Removed embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata; image pixels are unchanged.
Senate chamber at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines, photographed in 2016.
Used on Policy development
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-39673.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress IIIF 1800-pixel rendition of the full frame. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
Senate chamber at the Texas Capitol in Austin, photographed in 2014.
Used on Statutes & initiatives
Carol M. Highsmith / The Lyda Hill Texas Collection of Photographs in Carol M. Highsmith’s America Project, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-27904.
Original source · Public domain
No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. Downloaded pixels and file bytes are unchanged.
Spiral and perspective
Used on Participation
Mike Hindle
Editorial photograph from the approved Figure Eleven collection; not documentary evidence from a case.
StanfordOffice2.JPG
WhisperToMe, Wikimedia Commons. Uploaded May 9, 2009; capture date not established.
Original source · Public-domain dedication by the photographer
Former Stanford Financial Group offices in Houston.
Unmodified.
Responsive gallery framing; original image file unchanged.
Stone and shadow
Paolo Chiabrando
Editorial photograph from the approved Figure Eleven collection; not documentary evidence from a case.
Responsive gallery framing; original image file unchanged.
Structure and contrast
Sebastian Schuster
Editorial photograph from the approved Figure Eleven collection; not documentary evidence from a case.
Responsive gallery framing; original image file unchanged.
The 16-inch McAllister Telescope at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, photographed in 2018.
Used on Evaluation
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-53355.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress 1024-pixel JPEG rendition of the full frame. Removed embedded JPEG comment, APP1 EXIF/XMP metadata by deleting JPEG metadata segments; compressed image data and ICC color profile were preserved. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
The Auditorium building at Michigan State University in East Lansing, photographed in 2019.
Used on Scholarship opportunities
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-60507.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress 1024-pixel JPEG rendition of the full frame. Removed embedded JPEG comment, APP13 Photoshop/IPTC, APP1 EXIF/XMP metadata by deleting JPEG metadata segments; compressed image data and ICC color profile were preserved. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
The California Aqueduct, photographed in 2012.
Used on Who we are
Carol M. Highsmith / Jon B. Lovelace Collection of California Photographs, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-24058.
Original source · Public domain
Official Library of Congress IIIF full-frame 1600-pixel rendition. No local resampling, cropping or upscaling. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present.
The Fort Worth Museum of Science and History in Texas, photographed in October 2012.
Used on Foundation
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-18739.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress IIIF 1800-pixel rendition of the full frame. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
The preserved Clutterville schoolroom at the Ackley Heritage Center in Iowa, photographed in 2016.
Used on Teaching with case studies
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-39858.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress full-frame IIIF rendition. No EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
The retired space shuttle Endeavour on display at the California Science Center in Los Angeles, photographed in 2013.
Used on education
Carol M. Highsmith / The Jon B. Lovelace Collection of California Photographs, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-24455.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress IIIF 1800-pixel rendition of the full frame. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
The workshop at Frye’s Measure Mill in New Hampshire, photographed between 1980 and 2006.
Used on Scholarships
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-11963.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress full-frame IIIF rendition. No EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
Two one-kilogram masses on a NIST Kibble balance, in a photograph published by NIST in 2017.
Used on Standards of inquiry
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), image 17PML009.
Original source · NIST reuse terms
Downloaded NIST’s published 916 × 960 WebP rendition, preserving its supplied frame. Removed EXIF and XMP chunks and cleared their VP8X flags without altering VP8 image or ICC color-profile data. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.
Wheelchair ramp at the Minneapolis Federal Building, Minnesota, photographed in October 2012.
Used on Accessibility
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-18562.
Original source · Public domain
Official Library of Congress IIIF full-frame 1600-pixel rendition. No local resampling, cropping or upscaling. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present.
William H. Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, 2012.
Used on Scholarships
Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-18428.
Original source · Public domain
Removed embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata; image pixels are unchanged.
Wind turbines in Franklin County, Iowa, photographed in 2016.
Used on Develop recommendations
Carol M. Highsmith / Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-39863.
Original source · Public domain
No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. Downloaded pixels and file bytes are unchanged.
Woodworking equipment and shaped wooden pieces at Canterbury Shaker Village in New Hampshire, photographed in 2017.
Used on Student support
Carol M. Highsmith / Carol M. Highsmith’s America Project, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-highsm-48207.
Original source · Public domain
Downloaded the official Library of Congress IIIF 1800-pixel rendition of the full frame. No embedded EXIF/XMP/IPTC/comment metadata was present. No local resampling, cropping, pixel edits or upscaling.